Antarctica

Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth, encompassing the geographic South Pole. It is the fifth-largest continent, covering an area of approximately 14 million square kilometers (5.4 million square miles). Antarctica is characterized by its extreme cold temperatures, ice coverage, and unique ecosystem, which includes a diverse range of wildlife adapted to its harsh environment, such as penguins, seals, and various seabirds. The continent is largely uninhabited by humans, with no permanent residents, although temporary research stations are established by various countries for scientific study. Antarctica plays a critical role in the Earth’s climate system and ocean dynamics, influencing global weather patterns and sea levels. The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959, governs international relations and promotes scientific cooperation on the continent, ensuring that its vast, untouched wilderness is preserved for peaceful and educational purposes.