Dwarf Planets

Dwarf planets are celestial bodies that orbit the Sun and meet specific criteria established by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). To be classified as a dwarf planet, a body must (1) orbit the Sun, (2) have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces and maintain a nearly round shape (hydrostatic equilibrium), (3) be unable to clear its orbital neighborhood of other debris, and (4) not be a satellite (moon) of another body.

Examples of dwarf planets include Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake. Dwarf planets are distinct from larger planets primarily because they do not dominate their orbital zones and may share their orbits with other bodies of comparable size. This classification helps to better understand the diversity of objects in our solar system and the complexity of planetary formation and evolution.